Recent resistances and separatist movements in Xinjiang and Tibet are one of main threats against the social stability of China. This article examines the causes of resistant activities by ethnic minorities in China and the policy of Chinese government toward them. Various kinds of disturbances are caused by several factors such as negative effect of tolerance policy toward minorities implemented after reform, self- consciousness of ethnic identity stimulated by their contact with foreign visitors, the influence of the neighboring countries` intervention, and the feeling of relative deprivation resulted by economic gap between the Han and minorities. And Chinese government has put a major effort into restraining them through oppression, favor(dispensation), assimilation, and propaganda as the main strategy for control. This paper concludes that the possibility of outbreak of crisis only by ethnic issues in China is not so high owing to some limitations.