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Research Article

Cambodia`s 2008 Election: Consolidation of Electoral Anthoritarianism

Yeon Sik Jeong

Sogang Institute for East Asian Studies, Sogang University

Published: February 2009 · Vol. 28 No. 1 · pp. 139-170

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33334/sieas.2009..56.139

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Abstract

Cambodia's fourth general elections ended with a landslide victory for the ruling Cambodian People's Party(CPP). CPP garnered over 58% of the votes securing 90 seats in the 123-seat National Assembly, which is more than enough to form a government on its own under the revised constitution requiring a simple majority. Meanwhile, Sam Rainsy Party(SRP), the main opposition party, failed to live up to its expectation, grasping only 26 seats with 22% of the votes. Human Rights Party led by Kem Sokha won 3 seats, shattering its hope to replace the SRP as the main contender against the CPP. It was the royalists who took the most damage. HUNCINPEC and Norodom Ranariddh Party lost more than half the votes they had previously collected before they split up and received meager 2 seats each. Was the election free and fair enough to accept the results? Many problems albeit steadily improving has lingered on particularly in violence, media, and voter lists. Nevertheless, unfairness manifested in those problems were not serious enough to nullify the results. Then what made such massive popular support for the CPP as 58% of the votes possible? This paper contends that the landslide victory was possible because the CPP has menaced small parties so as to absorb their supporters and manoeuvred to divide and destroy the rival parties, particularly the royalists, by alienating, coopting, and intimidating their members with all the means at its disposal. The manoeuvre seems to have started when 11 months had been wasted over negotiations to form a coalition government before the CPP and FUNCINPEC reached an agreement in 2004. Hun Sen must have thought that the same tedious and annoying process in which he has to deal with the avaricious losers would repeat unless something is done. The classic divide-and-rule tactic worked out. And the electoral authoritarianism of Cambodia awaits to be further consolidated.
Keywords: Cambodiaelectionselectoral authoritarianismHun SenCambodian People's Party