This article investigates the origins of the two traditional elites group of the Balanipa Kingdom, which were called the puang and daeng. The puang belongs to the so-called adat group, while the daeng refers to the aristocracy. In eastern part of Indonesia, where the primordial culture of the Austronesian-speaking people remained, the adat group was an equal leader with the aristocracy group. Both groups led the so-called diarchy. The former was established based upon the principles of the ‘precedence order of arrival‘, which became the social backbone of the Austronesian region. This group was the descendants of the first settler of the region. When the communities developed into a state, the adat group installed a king whose origin was foreign and endowed political power to him. Yet, the case of Balanipa reveals that the puang itself also had foreign-origin. Perhaps, this group was one of the immigrant groups, and via competition or usurp with the earlier immigrant groups, it obtained the status as the land owner and adat group. The origins of the puang and daeng are generated from the same root, which means that the Balanipa people controlled the society by separating the power and authority in order to prevent the power abuse and efficient social control by adopting the diarchic tradition.