This study is based on two questionnaire surveys. It compares the China- Korean mutual understanding and impressions of each other, and analyzes the factors which influence the impressions. The study finds that the Korean surveyed consider that China is a backward country in many aspects, and that it is difficult to trust China and the Chinese. Moreover, the study shows that the socialist China needs to be more open, all of which worsens the public impression of China. But the Korean polled say that China develops quickly, and they feel good of Chinese cultures, which improve their impression of China. The Chinese surveyed consider Korea a leading country in many aspects, which improves the good impression of Korea. While praising the Korean cultural industries, the Chinese polled think that the Korean traditional cultures have been deeply impacted by Chinese cultures, and are very proud of their own traditional cultures. They also think that the Korean have a very strong sense of national pride, and such strong nationalism has the negative impact on the impression.